CV. RISKY

Building Heart Bit Detector
Use Ultrasonic Doppler Effect Based on PC

Abstract
Heart attack is one of diseases that occur on second place in level of diseases with dead risk. The simple inquiry for check the heart bit usually use stethoscope. To get the detail of heart condition, it can be used electrocardiograph (ECG) or phonocardiograph (PCG). However, these instruments are very expensive so that not every hospital owns these instruments.
The advance of technology, especially computer technology, allows solves this problem more be simple. The heart bit can be record via PC’s soundcard and display the rhythm by graphic on monitor.
To detecting the heart bit, ultrasonic transducer can be use. Doppler Effect method on Ultrasonic theme is matches for this problem. The wave from vibration of heart would be influence the wave which transferred by ultrasonic transducer. After that, the mechanical signal, i.e. the wave that received transducer converted to electric signal, than downloaded by soundcard.
Some variable are the frequency sampling of transducer. That is 11025 Hz, 22050 Hz and 44100 Hz, and the detected input signal about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. The amplitude of input signal is 2VAC and the display buffer is 50 ms.
The results, obtain good values for all parameters and suitable with the specification that designed. The test using normal and abnormal heart sound and display the graphic recording of heart sound on monitor of personal computer.
INTRODUCTION
Some case of dead is causes by heart attack. Low knowledge of the peoples about healthy care is one of causes. Some people just know they heart condition after they heart condition is bad.
The simple detector is stethoscope. For check the detail of heart condition, we have to use ECG or PCG. These instruments used if the heart condition is worse. More ever, these instruments are very expensive so not every hospital owns these instruments.
The cheaper instrument would be made with Ultrasonic Doppler Effect principal. To make the heart detector based on PC there are some problem frame. i.e.: How build the transducer Operational Amplifier, How build the interface system to download the output of transducer to computer system, and How programming the computer system to display the graphic of heart rhythm on monitor.
Theory

Fs and Fr in Figure 2.1 present the wave frequency which out from transmit probe and reflected to receive probe.

Function of Tape Recorder of Heart bit
Inspection to know disparity of heart organ, by doing number of heart tick i.e. blood pressure, rhythm of heart tick, and others. Patient with the sigh of disparity of heart function, inspection of heart bit is needed. These treatments are to know the interval time of systoles, frequency of heart tick, and phase of heart cycle. Some variable are related to heart voice, that is voice intensity, frequency, duration, its hardness, tone and sound colors.
Sensor or transducer are used to convert the voice of heart becomes the electric signal. One of sensor which can be used, that is laboring stethoscope productively assess the capacitance. Change of stethoscope surface because of voice of heart tick will cause the change capacitance yielded. The other way is use the ultrasonic effect Doppler method.

Sound Cardiovascular
Sounds cardiovascular yielded in or around big vein and heart, send through solid media, and melt to thorax wall. During auscultation heart, we will listen the sound which conducted by air through stethoscope. Auscultation heart limited by two factor, i.e. first by sill of sensitivities of human being ear. Normal adult can hear the voice about 20 until 14.000 cps, but the best heard between 1000 until 5000 cps. Less than 1000 cps heard becomes a progressive degradation at sensitivities hearing. Most of all sound cardiovascular, which significant by clinics, is became the frequency 20 until 500 cps (sometime reach 1000 cps). Become a sound cardiovascular, which ossify audible as harder and softer voice to be heard. Second factor is stethoscope itself.

Stethoscope
Bell from good stethoscope send the goodness of low frequency sound (20 until 100 cps) and high frequency sound (100 until 1000 cps). Component of low frequency from a sound with the fixed frequency will bother the high frequency component. As a result, component of high frequency from sound heard loudly or even do not be heard. Diaphragm from stethoscope will weaken the low frequencies (20 until 100cps) and selectively send the high frequency so that can be auscultated. Correct use from diaphragm or bell is important for the auscultation of accurate.
Correct election Stethoscope of vital importance [at] heart inspection in accurate figure. Ear plates have to be big enough and snugly, so that do not enter the canals auriculars (its hose have to be flexible start from 12 until 14 inches). Its chest has to be consisted of the bell and diaphragm. Bell used to listen the sound and murmur with the lower frequency, while diaphragm uses for the sound of and murmur with the higher-level frequency. Bell have to be used with the light pressure at data wall (abundant bell pressure will tighten the husk and make it a diaphragm filtering out sound with the lower frequency). Divisible sounds Cardiovascular become:
a)Finite sound or transient is called heart sound.
b)Longer combination from vibrates, is called murmur heart.
Heart sound, which auscultated often divisible become:
a)Normal sound (S1 and S2).
b)Abnormal variation from S1 and S2.
c)A sound that can be physiological or pathological (S3 and S4).
d)Sound which usually mirror the heart sickness like voice ejects or click the (SE), click the mid or final of systolic (KMS) and opening snap (OS).
Before physical examination, patient has to be drawn up for the auscultation of at one particular quite room. Radio, television, and conversation represent the especial trouble to a success inspection. For the auscultation of start, patient has to be supine and upraised body 30 degree.
Throb of Artery carotid used to determine the sound of heart and murmur. S1 happened momentary before incidence of systolic carotids throb and S2 before or at the same time with the wave of dichotic notch of throb carotids. After the S1 and S2 determination, other heart sound can be determined.

Main Area of Heart Auscultation
To obtain the heart voice, the often observation is conducted at four area that figured at Picture 1. Although for the advance, inspection is farther needed by sighting at additional area. The four especial areas are:
1)Aorta area (2RSB).
2)Area Pulmonal (2LSB).
3)Area Tricuspid (4LSB).
4)Area Mitral/apeks (5MCL).

Ultrasonic Doppler Effect Transducer
Ultrasonic transducer of Doppler Effect represents the transducer using Principe from ultrasonic wave. Difference calculation between transmission wave frequency with the reflected wave frequency, is obtainable to determine frequency of friction Doppler. The work principle from ultrasonic transducer can be showed at Picture 2. At transducer of Doppler Effect, FS represent transmitted ultrasonic wave, while Fr represent the reflected ultrasonic wave. So that, there are three conditions can be happened i.e.:
a. If ultrasonic wave hit the silent medium hence FS = Fr
b. If ultrasonic wave hit the peripatetic medium [go] to the direction sensor hence FS < Fr
c. If ultrasonic wave hit the peripatetic medium avoid the transducer direction, hence FS > Fr.
If ultrasonic wave hit the unmoved medium, so hence frequency of displacement Doppler Effect is countable, that is as follows:
Fr=Fr – Fs (1)
From frequency of displacement, Doppler Effect can be obtained the frequency from the peripatetic medium.

METHODOLOGIES
The method to solve the internal issue in this research is doing software programming, which can present the signal of the heart bit on the screen monitor. In this research, some procedure as follows:
1. Be made observation to know the specifics of heart bit recorder i.e. (ECG or PCG). This observed as reference to determine the specifics hardware that available in market. Some variable considered are:
O Sampling Frequency, which can be used in this program, is 11025 Hz, 22050 Hz, and 44100 Hz, so that frequency of signal input, which be able to detects that is 20 Hz until 20 KHZ.
O Amplitude of signal input is 2V AC with buffer of appearance signal is 50 ms.
2. Be made design network by considering aspect of network scheme and determine the needed components supporter. In general, block of appliance diagram to be made shown in Picture 3.
3. Be made program use the programming Language base on visual that is Borland Delphi version 5
4. Tested the entirety instrument cover the examination of result of signal of recording of heart bit given the signal in the form of appearance to computer monitor.

EXAMINATION
The tested by using normal heart bit and natural heart bit are marked by disparity of heart bit with the existence of murmur. Follow the example of the appearance program shown Picture 3 and 4.

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